Teaching Female Genital Mutilation in Primary Schools

As primary school teachers, it is crucial to address sensitive topics such as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) within the framework of Relationship, Sex, and Health Education (RSHE). By equipping ourselves with knowledge and understanding, we can create safe spaces for our students to learn about this harmful practice.

We should also remember to focus on the main goal of exploring this topic with our students…

“PUTTING AN END TO FGM.”

Is the Teaching of FGM in Primary Schools Statutory?

Although primary schools are not legally obligated to include explicit teaching on FGM, there is a justification outlined in the Statutory guidance for Relationships Education, Relationships and Sex Education (RSE), and Health Education that supports the inclusion of FGM education at the primary level.

In the Muse Wellbeing video below, we carefully introduced the concept of FGM with a mindful and child-sensitive delivery of key concepts. Using learning resources like this can be a fantastic way to begin exploring sensitive concepts with our students.

At Muse, we believe all students should have the opportunity to explore this topic in Year 6 classrooms, but teaching staff should develop or change instruction based on specific needs of the school and class.

So What Exactly is Female Genital Mutilation?

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a practice that involves the partial or total removal of external female genitalia or other harmful procedures for non-medical reasons. It is crucial for primary school teachers to have a comprehensive understanding of FGM in order to effectively educate their students about this harmful practice. 

Types of FGM: FGM encompasses various forms that range in severity. The World Health Organization (WHO) has categorized FGM into four major types:

Type 1 (Clitoridectomy): Partial or total removal of the clitoris.

Type 2 (Excision): Partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora.

Type 3 (Infibulation): Narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a seal by cutting and repositioning the labia majora.

Type 4: This includes all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, such as pricking, piercing, or scraping.

Consequences of FGM

The consequences of FGM can be severe and long-lasting, affecting both the physical and psychological well-being of individuals who have undergone the procedure:

FGM can result in immediate complications such as excessive bleeding, infections, and severe pain. In the long term, individuals who have undergone FGM may experience urinary problems, menstrual difficulties, sexual dysfunction, complications during childbirth, and an increased risk of infections.

Moreover, FGM can have profound emotional and psychological consequences, including trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), negative body image, low self-esteem, and cultural and social implications that perpetuate harmful gender norms and restrict women’s autonomy and sexual rights.

Dispelling Misconceptions

Teaching accurate information about FGM is crucial to dispel misconceptions and challenge harmful beliefs. Some common misconceptions about FGM include:

• FGM is a religious requirement: It is important to emphasize that FGM is not endorsed by any major religion. It is a cultural practice with no basis in religious texts.

• FGM enhances cleanliness or preserves virginity: These beliefs are unfounded. In fact, FGM can lead to severe health complications and does not have any proven benefits.

• FGM is solely a problem in other countries: While FGM is prevalent in many countries, it is also important to address its occurrence within diaspora communities in the UK. Awareness of this issue is crucial to protect girls and prevent its continuation.

By understanding the different types of FGM, its consequences, and dispelling common misconceptions, primary school teachers can provide accurate and informed education to their students. This knowledge will contribute to fostering empathy, promoting gender equality, and ensuring the well-being of girls and women affected by FGM.

As seen in the Muse Wellbeing FGM student explainer video, teachers should introduce the concept of FGM in a child and age sensitive way, that gives an overview of the concept of harm without specific details that could upset many children

Why Does FGM Happen? FGM is a complex issue deeply rooted in cultural, social, and gender inequality. While it is essential to approach the topic with cultural sensitivity, it is crucial to emphasize that FGM is a violation of human rights and poses significant health risks. By discussing the underlying cultural beliefs, misconceptions, and the harmful consequences of FGM, we can promote critical thinking and challenge harmful practices.

Statistics About FGM in The UK

Providing statistical data on FGM in the UK can help raise awareness among teachers and empower them to address this issue effectively. It may not be appropriate to share all findings below with students of Primary school age, though teachers tailor learning to best fit student needs. Some key statistics to consider include:

• According to the National FGM Centre, it is estimated that over 137,000 women and girls in the UK have undergone FGM.

• The majority of FGM cases in the UK are believed to be related to communities originating from Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.

• FGM is a criminal offense in the UK, and anyone found guilty of carrying out or assisting in FGM can face up to 14 years in prison. This fact should be shared with children to make them aware of the legal standings of FGM in the UK.

Teaching FGM in Primary Schools: When addressing FGM in the primary school curriculum, it is essential to approach the topic with sensitivity and age-appropriate content. Here are three practical tips for teaching FGM in primary schools:

Final Considerations for Delivering FGM Lessons

1. Create a Safe and Supportive Environment: Establish an inclusive and non-judgmental environment where students feel comfortable discussing sensitive topics. Encourage open dialogue, active listening, and respect for diverse viewpoints.

2. Utilize Age-Appropriate Resources: Select resources that are suitable for primary school students and align with the RSE curriculum guidelines. Curriculums, such as Muse Wellbeing, offering tailored RSE and PSHE lessons that also included lessons on FGM.

3. Collaborate with External Organizations: Engage with local organizations, charities, or guest speakers who specialize in FGM awareness and prevention. Their expertise and real-life experiences can provide valuable insights and enhance the learning experience for students.